What is Programming Languages?
प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज क्या हैं?
"A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms."
An instruction is a command given to the computer to perform a certain specified operation on given data. A set of programs written form a computer is called software.
Computer languages can be classified into three broad categories:
- Machine language
- Assembly language
- High - level language
Machine Language
"The set of instruction codes, whether in binary or in decimal notation, which can be directly understood by the computer without the help of a translator, is called a machine code or machine language program."
A computer understands information composed of only zeros and ones, and hence it uses binary digits for its operation. The computer's instructions are therefore coded and stored in the memory in the form of 0's and 1's. A program written in the form of 0's and 1's is called a machine language program.
* All computers use binary digits (0's and 1's) for performing internal operations.
An instruction prepared in any machine language has a two-part format.
Also Read : अपना मोबाइल नंबर बदल कर अब करे किसी को भी कॉल, अब बदलेगा नंबर और छुपेगी पहचान- OPCODE ( Operation code )
- OPERAND ( Address / Location )
1. OPCODE is the command or operation, and it tells the computer what function to perform. Every computer has an operation code or opcode for each of its functions.
Also Read : इस 4 ट्रिक से बस 1 मिनट में ऐसे तोड़े किसी भी स्मार्टफोन का लॉक
2. The second part of the instruction in the OPERAND, and it tells the computer where to find or store the data or other instructions that are to be manipulated.
Advantages :
1. Programs written in machine language are executed very fast by the computer.
Disadvantages :
1. Machine Dependent
2. Difficult to Program
3. Error prone
4. Difficult to Modify
Assembly Language
Programs can be easily written in alphanumeric symbols instead of 0's and 1's, Meaningful and easily remember-able symbols are selected for this purpose. For example, ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, CMP for comparison, etc. Such symbols are known as mnemonics.
"A program written in mnemonics is called assembly language program."
Disadvantages :
1. Programming is difficult and time consuming.
2. Assembly language is machine dependent.
High - Level Languages
The instructions written in a high-level language are called statements.
Also Read : 10 सिक्रेट कंप्यूटर टिप्स एंड ट्रिक्स: आज से पहले आपको ये किसी ने भी नहीं बताई होगीं।Examples of high-level languages :
- BASIC ( Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) - 1965
- Pascal
- FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) - 1957
- COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) - 1960
- ALGOL(ALGOrithmic Language)
- PL/1 (Programming Language 1)
- Also Read : इंटरनेट की 10 ट्रिक्स जो अब आपकी जिंदगी बनाएंगी आसान
- PROLOG (PROgramming in LOGic)
- LISP (List Programming)
- ADA
- SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBolic Language)
- C Language - 1972
- C ++
- C#, etc...
Advantages :
- Machine Independent
- Easy to Learn and Use
- Few Errors
- Lower Program Preparation Cost
- Better Documentation
- Easier to Maintain
Disadvantages :
- Lower Efficiency
- Lack of Flexibility
आपसे आशा करता हू मेरे द्वारा दी गयी जानकारी आपको जरूर पसंद आयी होगी, इस पोस्ट को लोगो के साथ शेयर करें और प्रतिदिन इस ब्लाग को देखे इसी तरह की जानकारी के लिए। धन्यवाद
किसी भी प्रकार की जानकारी के लिए कमेंट करें।
